Tetanus, also called lockjaw, is very rare in the United States because most children are vaccinated against it. Tetanus is caused by a bacterium that is common in the soil, but dies quickly when it is exposed to oxygen. People who haven't been vaccinated for tetanus can get the disease by stepping on a dirty nail or getting cut by a dirty tool. The bacterium produces a toxin, or poison, that spreads in the bloodstream and can result in severe muscle spasms, paralysis, and death.
Tetanus is difficult to treat, but proper vaccination prevents it. Children get a tetanus shot in combination with pertussis and diphtheria vaccines. Adults need a booster shot every ten years to make sure they are protected.
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